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KMID : 0385320070180010103
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Journal of Korean Psychoanalytic Society
2007 Volume.18 No. 1 p.103 ~ p.111
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Dream and Unconscious
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Yu Jae-Hak
Ha Jee-Hyun
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Abstract
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Declaring that dreams are the "royal roads" to the unconscious can be considered a byproduct of Id Psychology, one of Freud’s earlier theories. As psychoanalytical theories developed over time, many analysts have come to focus on patients’ freely uttered fantasies, daydreams and transference phenomena more than dreams as a way of learning about the unconscious. Fantasies or daydreams refer to patients’ spontaneous ideas rather than strange, forbidden, or wanton thoughts; this is seen as significant because patients use fantasies or daydreams to gratify their unfulfilled wishes of the real world. These two relatively newer methods can be understood respectively as an accentuation of ego psychology and object relation theory. The authors believe that the interpretation of dreams using dream work may be more difficult because dream work greatly distorts the unconscious wish of the patient (which can be taken to mean that the defense of the ego is fairly strong in the dreams in this aspect), while the interpretation of fantasies or daydreams may be less difficult and more accessible to unconscious because the latter is less bizarre, more repetitive, more ego-syntonic, and less defensive than that of dreams. Also, compared to dreams, the transference phenomena not only show the characteristics of the recollected fantasies or daydreams but also can be considered more meaningful sincet it is considered an "interaction" with the patient ? especially in cases of emotional problems with the patient ? rather than an indirect "investigation" of the patient’s inner self through the patient’s dreams. The author has little doubt that the emotions that the patient feels in his interaction with his therapist ? that is, if they are in the degree of those of transference neurosis ?will often be stronger than emotions felt in dreams. However, the importance of the patient’s dreams is constantly acknowledged in psychoanalysis and analytical psychotherapy, and interpreting dreams is widely accepted as an important factor in analysis. The authors, in explaining the relationship between dreams and the unconscious, have discussed the 1) function of dreams and 2) factors that affect dreams, attempted to grasp the unconscious meaning of dreams by summarizing the 3) significance of "manifest dreams" and "latent dreams". And lastly, explained the ways in which patients’ dreams would be confronted in clinical practice by addressing the 4) clinical use of dreams. The authors showed practical application of these theories by showing two clinical vignettes of dream materials. In conclusion, dreams indeed provide one of the many ways to approach the unconscious, but the notion that they are the royal road to the unconscious is only a theory of early psychoanalysis. Secondly, it can be said that dreams have two functions: drive discharge and ego-oriented adaptive conceptualization. Third, of the factors that affect dreams, day residue is important because it elicits infantile wishes. Fourth, manifest dreams are increasing in magnitude as new suggestions to use manifest dreams as an ego function have risen recently. Fifth, analysts must interpret dreams after asking patients for associations with respective dreams. Finally, it is important to assess the various meanings and compromise formations that come from dreams.
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KEYWORD
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Fairy tale, Superego, Latency
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